When people read Proust in English, or when English-speaking people
read him in French, one of the reasons they do so is an admiration for
some quality they see in French culture. It because of a sense, as the New Yorker's Adam Gopnik once put it, that France produced the greatest common place culture ever.
This
is probably less true today but if you went to France sometime in the
last five decades you could see something most countries don't have
today: a culture that runs deep. Everything—from the food people ate and
the clothes they wore to the politics and history they argued
about—drew from a shared culture that everyone participated in in a deep
way.
A friend of mine and I saw a fascinating example
of this in the late 1980s when we too some visitors from France to a
restaurant in Chinatown. He took them there to give them an experience
they couldn't have at home. He told them, what is quite true, that you
simply cannot find the kinds of restaurant you can find in a North
American Chinatown anywhere in Paris. And they loved the idea. They were
looking forward to a new experience.
But the second
they picked up the menus, they unconsciously set about transforming the
meal into a French meal. They ordered not spring rolls but hors d'œuvres
and they insisted on discussing and picking a wine that went with the
main course. They were not disappointed but pitying when they learned
that the restaurant had no cheese course to offer and stunned when they
learned that coffee was unavailable said, with a tone of charity, "Oh
well, we can have coffee elsewhere".
My friend was
offended but I loved it. They weren't imperialistic about it. They
didn't see themselves as imposing any judgments on anyone. They simply
had this whole rich culture to draw on so they drew on it.
And
the thing is they weren't cultured types. They were computer geeks here
to talk about microchips. Think of it this way, you wouldn't be
surprised if you met a computer geek from Cupertino who could was deeply
interested in New Orleans cuisine but you'd treat him as unusual just
as you would treat a computer geek who was deeply interested in new
Orleans jazz. If, however, you found yourself treating a group of
computer geeks at a conference who were a only together because they all
happened to come from the United States, you'd be more than a little
shock if they all shared the same deep interest and knowledge of a
particular cuisine.
That is what France has that most
other countries don't. And even other countries that have it, say
Ireland, for example, don't have the depth and richness that France has.
That
is a big part of the reason people from outside France read Proust. You
get a detailed look at French culture at two levels. You get to see the
aristocracy who were living their last gasp and you get a detailed look
of the rising middle class who were seeking something like what the
aristocracy had but also managing to create something new in the
process.
You see this last in two women—Mme Verdurin and Odette de Crecy. The first is a member of the upper middle class, possessed of as much wealth but not the status of the aristocracy, who maintains a salon. Odette, on the other hand, is a courtesan who aspires to join the same social class as her lovers. And both largely succeed
in their ambitions. (One of the biggest mistakes you can make in
reading Proust is to disdain or hate particular characters, you must
love them all to get this work.)
In order to show us
their lives and their rise correctly, Proust must, and does, give us a
highly detailed picture of their culture. As I've said before, it's a
huge mistake to read Proust for his psychology. It has its moments to be
sure, but, to paraphrase what Rossini said about Wagner, Proust's
explorations of psychology does have some wonderful moments but it also
has some terrible half hours. No, it is the outside account, the la
belle epoque as you will find it nowhere else, that is the primary reason for reading this.